President Toqaev of Kazakhstan used the upheaval in his country to strengthen his grip on power and get rid of his predecessor Nazarbaev, his family members and cronies. He reproached Nazarbaev for creating a small elite whose wealth is 'significant even by international standards'. Toqaev promised to create a social fund to be financed by their companies, reports Bruce Pannier for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
In March 2019 Nursultan Nazarbaev (left) transferred his post as president to Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev (next to him).Photo Elbasy.kz
by Bruce Pannier
The dust is settling in Kazakhstan after a tumultuous start to the year in which initially peaceful protests were hijacked by violent groups who left carnage in Almaty and other parts of the country.
Amid the unrest, it also became apparent that there was a power struggle going on within the government between the current president, Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev, and loyalists of his still powerful predecessor, Nursultan Nazarbaev.
The turmoil now seems to be ending with members of the family of the country’s first president and his close associates seemingly facing a bleak future.
Family businesses
If there were any doubts about who emerged victorious, Toqaev put them to rest on January 11 at a session of parliament when he ordered the end to any state business with a massive waste and recycling company linked to Nazarbaev’s youngest daughter, Aliya.
'Entrepreneurs and society in general have a lot of questions about the activities of the company, which is called the Operator ROP,' Toqaev said.
Operator ROP is a recycling monopoly founded in 2015.
Kazakh Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resources Minister Serikkali Brekeshev told a meeting of the government on January 12 that the company has earned some 692 billion tenge (almost $1.6 billion) since 2016.
Former president Nazarbaev recommends regions doing business with the company of his daughter. Photo screenshot ROP.
The company's website features a large photo of President Nazarbaev with a strong recommendation for the heads of Kazakh regions to do business with Operator ROP.
Toqaev’s January 11 comments were the first clear indication that the vast wealth and holdings of members of the Nazarbaev family might be in jeopardy.
Toqaev had announced that he was taking Nazarbaev's seat as secretary of Kazakhstan’s Security Council on January 5, a move many saw as an indication that the fortunes of the 81-year-old former president known as 'Elbasy' -- or Leader of the Nation -- might have taken a turn for the worse.
Nazarbaev had used that powerful post to retain a great deal of his influence after he officially stepped down as president in March 2019 and handed over the presidency to Toqaev, his hand-picked successor.
Nazarbaev press spokesman Aidos Ukibay said on January 9 that the ex-president had voluntarily stepped down as Security Council secretary, though no one else in the Kazakh government repeated this claim.
Amid speculation as to Elbasy's whereabouts – he has not been seen in public since December 28 - Ukibay said on January 8 that Nazarbaev was still in the capital, Nur-Sultan.
Social fund
In his January 11 speech, Toqaev added that 'Thanks to the first president, Elbasy, a group of very profitable companies emerged in the country, as well as a group of people whose wealth is significant even by international standards.'
'I believe the time has come to pay that which is due to the people and help them'
Toqaev announced that a special social fund 'for the people of Kazakhstan' would be created and would receive 'significant and regular contributions' from businesses.
He said the government 'will have to establish the group of companies with which it will have to agree with upon the size of their annual contributions to the foundation.'
Toqaev added: 'I believe the time has come to pay that which is due to the people and help them.'
Toqaev did not mention any specific names, but he didn’t need to.
People like Kazakhmys chief Vladimir Kim or banker Bulat Utemuratov - well connected to the former president - are known to have made billions of dollars during Nazarbaev's nearly 30-year reign.
And everyone in Kazakhstan knows that the members of Nazarbaev’s family have grown fantastically wealthy, something detailed in a December 2020 report by RFE/RL.
Nazabaev’s second-oldest daughter, Dinara, and her husband, Timur Kulibaev, are regularly ranked as being among the richest people in Kazakhstan with assets in excess of $1 billion.
Mansions, villas, castles, private jets
Prior to the recent outbreak of violence, it seemed like most of the time when Kazakhstan was mentioned in Western media it was because of mansions, villas, and even castles members of the Nazarbaev family owned in Europe, the United States, or Dubai - or for the massive yachts and private jet planes they bought.
Whereabouts of Nazarbaev family unknown
Where most of the members of the Nazarbaev family are today remains unclear at the moment.
An aide to Darigha Nazarbaeva, Nazarbaev’s eldest daughter and parliament member, said on January 12 that she had COVID and is still in Almaty, which is why she missed sessions of parliament.
Former president Nazarbaev and his three daughters, Aliya, Dariga and Dinara. Photo official website Nazarbaev, Elbasy.kz
Kyrgyzstan’s 24.kg website reported on January 12 that Nazarbaev’s notorious brother, Bolat, crossed into Kyrgyzstan by car in the early morning of January 6 and later the same day boarded a flight from Bishkek to Dubai.
And the investigative outlet Bellingcat tracked 'a Bombardier Challenger 604 private jet [that] flew from Almaty to Geneva' on January 4, two days after the protests started.
Bellingcat said 'this aircraft’s past flight record shows trips to several European countries, Russia, the Maldives, and Dubai.'
Bellingcat also reported that 'On 5 January, between 10 and 11 UTC…a Bombardier Global 6000 with no registration number and no other identifying details was spotted flying from Almaty…[and] we found that it landed at Farnborough Airport just outside London, a common destination for private jets coming to the U.K."
And there were two Kazakh planes that briefly landed at Kyrgyzstan’s Manas airport on January 5, one arriving from Dubai and the other from North Macedonia. The planes stopped only briefly for maintenance and refueling before traveling onward.
The abundance of private jets flying in and out of Kazakhstan during the days of upheaval have many suggesting that close and extended members of the Nazarbaev family left the country.
Toqaev has not openly said Kazakh authorities are going after the Nazarbaevs and, considering Toqaev has been in the Kazakh government working for Elbasy since the first days of independence, he will need to tread carefully in attacking the family of the man he served for so long.
But Toqaev would have an abundance of public support for stripping Nazarbaev family members of their ill-gotten gains and Toqaev will need this support as he finally steps out of the shadow of his predecessor and forms his own government.
This article was published first by RFE/RL